Since the stage was born, stage lighting has become an integral part of the stage. Stage lighting is important in highlighting the four elements of vision, realism, aesthetics and performance. It has evolved over the years. Gradually developed into today's more complete and advanced lighting system. The first boom of drama appeared in ancient Greece more than two thousand years ago. The theaters at that time were all open-air or semi-outdoor. The lighting of the stage relies on the huge "lamp" in the sky-the sun, so the performance can only be performed during the day. The need for rest and entertainment at night, open-air performances are easily affected by the weather, and the development of drama make stage lighting a problem that people must solve.
The success of the performance lighting design is marked by the proper handling of the stage lighting. Stage lighting must not only illuminate the actors and allow the audience to see facial expressions, expressions and movements, but more importantly, make full use of lighting technology and mobilize lighting operations to enhance the artistic effect and make the audience feel immersive.
Stage lighting is mainly the effect produced by the combination of computer lights and other lamps. It is through different modeling scenes, different color changes, different viewing angles, changes in horizontal and vertical light angles, speed, stroboscopic speed, and aperture size changes. , Focus change and other comprehensive performance. Then, before understanding stage lighting technology, you must master these basic knowledge:
1. Visible light
Light is radiant energy propagated by electricity in the form of electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave radiation has a wide range of wavelengths, and only this part of the radiation with a wavelength of 380 to 760 nm can cause light vision, which is called visible light. Lights with a wavelength shorter than 380nm are ultraviolet rays, x-rays, and gamma rays; light longer than 760nm are infrared rays, radio waves, etc., which cannot produce light vision to the human eye, that is, they are invisible. Therefore, light is an objectively existing energy, and it is closely related to people's subjective feelings.
2, the classification of colors
Color can be divided into two categories: achromatic and color. Achromatic color refers to white, light gray, gray to dark gray, to black, called white-black series. Pure white is an ideal object with complete light reflection, and its reflectivity is 1; pure black is an ideal non-reflective object, and its reflectivity is 0. Therefore, the achromatic white and black series represent the change of the object's light reflectivity. We know that the light reflectivity is proportional to the brightness, and the white walls and ceilings in the room can get higher brightness. Color refers to various colors other than the white and black series. Color has three characteristics: hue, lightness and saturation, which are called the three elements of color.
Hue is the color that appears. That is, the names of different colors, such as red, green, blue, etc. It is related to the wavelength of light. Brightness (brightness) is how bright a color is. The brightness of different hues is different, even if the same hue is affected by the nature of the surface of the object and the intensity of the light, there will be differences in brightness and darkness. If it is also yellow, it can be light yellow, medium yellow, dark yellow, etc.
Saturation (chroma) indicates the depth (intensity) of the color, and it can also be said to be the purity and vividness of the color. The higher the saturation, the deeper (dense) the color appears, and all kinds of monochromatic light in visible light are the most saturated colors. The more white light is mixed into the spectral color, the less saturated it is. For example, the saturation of red light is higher than that of pink light, because pink light is mixed with white light. Generally speaking, in the same hue, when the brightness changes, the saturation will also change, but the saturation will decrease when the brightness is increased or decreased, and the saturation (purity) is maximized only when the brightness is moderate. However, it always feels that brighter colors always look brighter.
3, three primary colors and color matching method
Red, green, and blue are called the three primary colors. These three colors are mixed in different proportions to produce various colors. There are two basic methods of color mixing: additive color mixing and subtractive color mixing.
The so-called additive color mixing is when different colors of light are mixed, they add their respective parts of the spectrum together to produce a new method of mixing colors. Shows the color relationship of light and color mixing. When the three primary colors of red, green and blue are mixed in equal amounts, it can be obtained:
Red light + green light = yellow light green light + blue light = cyan light
Green light + red light = magenta light red light + green light + blue light = white light
If the three primary colors are mixed with different amounts, various intermediate colors can be obtained, for example:
More red light + less green light = orange light
More red light + less blue light = pink light
Subtractive color mixing is a method in which when different colors are mixed, they each selectively absorb their corresponding part of the spectrum from the incident light to produce a synthetic color effect. If the addition of any two shades can produce white light, these two shades are called complementary shades (complementary colors). For example, yellow and blue are complementary colors, cyan and red are complementary colors, and magenta and green are complementary colors. Therefore, yellow, cyan, and magenta are called subtracted blue, subtracted red, and subtracted green, which means that the three complementary colors are all formed by subtracting a corresponding primary color from white light. Therefore, yellow, cyan, and magenta can be called the three primary colors of the subtractive color method.
When the three subtractive primary colors of yellow, magenta, and cyan overlap together, black will be produced. In the process of subtractive color method, the density changes of the three subtractive primary colors respectively control the absorption ratio of red, green, and blue, so that various mixed colors can be obtained, which can achieve the same effect as the additive color method.
4, color and vision
Colors give people a sense of warmth, distance, size and weight, and often make people associate them with different psychological effects. These are visual habits that people have formed for a long time.
Colors can usually be divided into three categories: cool, warm, and neutral (intermediate colors). The cold and warm colors are divided according to the visual response and psychological association caused by various colors to people. Red reminds people of the heat of fire, which creates a sense of warmth, which is called warm color. Blue reminds people of cold water and gives people a sense of coldness, so it is called cold color. Purple and green are neutral colors that are neither cold nor warm. Different colors can affect the size of an object's appearance. If you put together some objects of different colors and the same size, a light white object will be produced in the visual sense. The dark black object is small. Generally speaking, white objects look the largest, black objects look the smallest, yellow objects are larger, followed by green, red, and blue.
People's visual habit of color will also have a sense of distance. Objects of different colors give people different visual perceptions at the same distance. Warm colors give people the feeling of moving forward, while cool colors seem to move back and away. And the distance the color gives is also affected by the color of the background. For example, when white is the background, blue looks closer; when black is the background, red looks closest, followed by orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple. Using this feature can help us create an illusion of color, three-dimensional and distance.
The importance of color is also a long-standing visual habit of people. It is generally believed that white is the lightest and black is the heaviest. Among the three primary colors, green is the lightest, blue is the heaviest, and red is in the middle. There are two kinds of colors formed by equal mixing of primary colors. The light color appears light, and the heavy color appears heavy. The weight of color is not only expressed through brightness and purity, but also affected by the size of the area occupied by the color in the picture. Larger areas appear heavier and more attractive to people's attention than smaller areas.
